S.-O. Enfors:
Fermentation Process Engineering, 2011
Content
1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1
2. Fermentation
media.......................................................................................................... 3
3 A general mass
balance of the bioreactor........................................................................... 9
4 Biological
reaction rate models........................................................................................ 11
4.1 Substrate
consumption ................................................................................................. 12
4.2 Cell growth
and biomass yield ...................................................................................... 14
4.3 Consumption
of non-limiting substrates ....................................................................... 17
4.4 Cell death ..................................................................................................................... 17
4.5 Product
formation......................................................................................................... 17
4.6 Metabolic
heat evolution............................................................................................... 17
4.7 The
maintenance coefficient ........................................................................................ 18
4.8 Oxygen
consumption ................................................................................................... 19
4.9 Overflow
metabolism.................................................................................................... 22
4.10 Summary of
equations used for specific rates and biomass yield................................. 24
5 Stoichiometry and calculation of yield coefficients.......................................................... 25
5.1 Carbon and
degree of reduction balances ..................................................................... 25
5.2 Checking
consistency of measured data........................................................................ 27
5.3 Calculation
of specific rates .......................................................................................... 28
5.4 Conversion
of parameters between C-mole and gram units ........................................... 28
5.5 Summary of
equations used for calculation of yield coefficients and specific rates ....... 29
6 Oxygen
transfer in bioreactors ........................................................................................ 31
6.1 The oxygen
demand .................................................................................................... 31
6.2 The oxygen
transport.................................................................................................... 32
6.3 Control of
the oxygen transfer rate .............................................................................. 33
6.4
Determination of the oxygen transfer capacity ............................................................. 37
6.5 Rheology of fermentation broths ................................................................................. 41
6.6 Calculation
of KLa
from power input data ................................................................... 43
6.7 Summary of
equations used for OTR and KLa calculations........................................... 46
7 Batch
fermentation .......................................................................................................... 47
8 Continuous
fermentation ................................................................................................. 55
8.1 The chemostat .............................................................................................................. 56
8.2 Presentation
of the chemostat properties........................................................................ 58
8.3 Summary of
steady state equations for a chemostat ...................................................... 66
8.4 The
metabolic control of the chemostat ........................................................................ 67
8.5 Control of
cell concentration and growth rate in a chemostat......................................... 67
8.6 Applications
of the chemostat ...................................................................................... 69
8.7 Simulation
of a chemostat ............................................................................................ 70
9 Fed-batch
fermentation ................................................................................................... 73
9.1 A fed-batch
model........................................................................................................ 77
9.2 High cell
density cultures.............................................................................................. 78
9.3 Exponential
fed-batch cultures...................................................................................... 82
9.4 DOT
controlled feeding ............................................................................................... 84
9.5 Simulation
of a fed-batch process ................................................................................ 85
10 Determination
of kinetic process parameters ................................................................. 89
11 List of
symbols ............................................................................................................. 95
12 Subject index
................................................................................................................ 97